Nickel (Ni): It is an extremely important hydrogenation catalyst. Petroleum refining: used in hydrodesulfurization, hydrocracking and other processes. Synthesis of ammonia: a key catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia by traditional Haber method. Organic synthesis: Selective hydrogenation reduction of a variety of organic compounds. Cobalt (Co): It is also an important catalytic element. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: the key catalyst for converting synthesis gas into liquid fuels (diesel, paraffin, etc.) and chemicals (cobalt-based catalysts have high activity and good product selectivity). Oxidation catalyst: used in the production of chemical products such as terephthalic acid. Desulfurization catalyst: application in petroleum refining

Nickel (Ni): Magnetic material: Nickel-ferroalloy is an important soft magnetic material used in transformer cores, magnetic shields, sensors, etc. Resistance material: Nickel-chromium alloy is a commonly used resistive wire/film material. Cobalt (Co): Magnetic Material: Cobalt is a key component of permanent magnet materials (such as samarium-cobalt SmCo, aluminum-ni-cobalt AlNiCo) and soft magnetic materials (such as cobalt ferroalloys), and is used in high-performance motors, generators, sensors, hard drives, speakers, etc.

Nickel (Ni): It is mainly used as a colorant in glaze. Depending on the glaze composition and firing atmosphere (oxidation or reduction), rich tones such as brown, gray, yellow-brown, and blue-gray can be produced. It can also be used to prepare black glazes (often combined with other oxides such as iron and cobalt). Cobalt (Co): is the most famous and strongest blue colorant among ceramic glazes. From ancient times to the present, it has been a key raw material for producing blue-colored ceramics such as blue-white porcelain, cobalt-blue glaze, and Tianmu glaze. Small amount but significant hair color effect. Sometimes it is also used to prepare black glaze (combined with iron, manganese, chromium, etc.) or purple glaze.

Ni: Electrode and Connector: Used as internal electrodes, lead frames, connector terminals for electronic components (such as multi-layer ceramic capacitor MLCC), because of their good conductivity and solderability. Cobalt (Co): Semiconductor Interconnection: Cobalt has been used in advanced semiconductor processes to replace the barrier layer/seed layer of copper interconnection to improve electromigration reliability.